We have previously discussed fast fashion. While fast fashion is a business model characterized by offering consumers the latest trends at low prices, it also raises ethical concerns regarding environmental issues such as water and air pollution during the production process and labor issues such as long working hours for low wages.
Also, since they are mass-produced, they tend to be out of date in a short period of time, and consumers tend to treat them as “disposable. However, fast fashion = inexpensive clothing has also had a negative impact on consumers. In 2024, the German journal Oekotest conducted a random inspection of 21 garments from the mainland Chinese fast fashion brand Shein. These items ranged from baby shoes to teen dresses to faux leather jackets for adults. The test revealed that two-thirds of the items tested failed to meet safety standards. Toxic substances such as antimony, lead, cadmium, dimethylformamide, and phthalates were detected in some items, including baby clothes and sandals.
Have you ever ordered cheap clothing online and smelled a strange odor when you opened the package? That smell is because of the harmful chemicals listed above. These substances can remain on clothing and shoes from chemicals and materials used in the manufacturing process and can pose long-term health risks if they come into contact with the skin or enter through the eyes, nose, or mouth. Each substance is described in detail below.
1. Antimony
Antimony is a heavy metal that is sometimes used in the dyeing of synthetic fibers and clothing. Antimony is sometimes used as a catalyst, especially in the production of synthetic fibers such as polyester. Antimony can have adverse effects on the respiratory and digestive systems with prolonged exposure and is a concern as a carcinogen.
2. Lead
Lead is sometimes used in metal parts, especially in ornaments, buttons, and zippers. It may also be present in dyes and prints. Lead is a toxic substance that can seriously affect the nervous and blood systems and is very dangerous, especially to small children and pregnant women.
3. Cadmium
Cadmium is another heavy metal that is sometimes used in dyes, decorations, and rubber products. Cadmium affects the kidneys and bones and is also considered carcinogenic. Inexpensive metals are often used to reduce costs, especially in inexpensive clothing and shoes, which may contain cadmium.
4. Dimethylformamide, DMF
Dimethylformamide is sometimes used in the manufacture of shoes and leather goods. This chemical can be absorbed through the skin and can damage the liver and kidneys, and long-term exposure can affect reproductive function. It can also affect the respiratory system.
5. Phthalates
Phthalates are used especially in fabric softeners, plastic products, and vinyl shoes and clothing. They are chemically synthesized substances known as endocrine disruptors. Phthalates can disrupt hormone function and may adversely affect reproductive organs and development.
In 2011, a case was reported in which Alaska Airlines flight attendants complained of health problems after being issued new uniforms. The uniforms were made of newly introduced synthetic materials, and many flight attendants subsequently reported experiencing allergic reactions and other health problems. Specifically, itchy skin, breathing difficulties, headaches, dizziness, and even nausea were reported.
The problem was attributed to toxic chemicals and phthalates found in the uniforms, and it was suggested that the high levels of chemicals, especially in the newer garments, may have had a negative impact on health. These chemicals are often used to dye, anti-wrinkle, waterproof, or otherwise enhance the functionality of clothing and can affect the skin and respiratory system.
Something similar happened at Delta Air Lines: in 2018, renowned American fashion designer Zac Posen designed new uniforms for Delta’s flight attendants. However, after these new uniforms were issued, several flight attendants complained of physical discomfort. Specifically, attendants reported headaches, itching, dizziness, nausea, and even difficulty breathing.
The problem of toxic chemicals has been brought to the surface by the fact that many people wear uniforms at the same time, but I suspect that many people are experiencing the above symptoms without knowing the cause. These substances can have long-term adverse effects on health, so care should be taken in selecting products. It is especially important to pay even closer attention to children’s clothing. Buying from eco-friendly options and trusted brands is one way to reduce health risks.
Reference:
Your Body, Your Health, Your Life 